India Head Cent: Spesifikasi, Rincian lan Informasi Umum
Latar mburi lan Sejarah
Senapan kepala India diciptakaké kanggo ngganti senar Flying Eagle amarga United States Mint mengalami masalah yang menyerang senar Flying Eagle. Ing arah saka Mint Direktur James Ross Snowden, James B. Longacre ngrancang penggantian kasebut. Desain reverse tetep relatif padha nalika Longacre ngganti desain tipis karo tokoh alfabetis Lady Liberty mengenakan headdress India.
Longacre pisanan nggunakake gagasan tokoh alegori ing sawijining 1854 dolanan emas. Desain reverse banget mirip karo reverse Flying Eagle sadurunge. Ing taun kapisan (1859), reverse duwe wreath laurel sing nutupi tembung ONE CENT. Taun 1860, Longacre ngganti wreath ing sisih kiwa menyang wreath digawe saka godhong Oak karo Union Shield ing ndhuwur wreath.
Amarga biaya bahan mentahan nalika Perang Sipil, komposisi diganti ing tengah taun 1864 saka campuran tembaga lan nikel menyang paduan tembaga. Kajaba iku, Congress ngijini ngurangi bobot saka 4,77 gram nganti 3,11 gram. Produksi sen iki terus liwat taun 1909 nalika Departemen Keuangan diganti karo senat Lincoln sing diwènèhi pésta ulang taun ka-100.
Nilai Penny India lan harga tetep tetep historis rata nalika mbenerake inflasi.
Nanging, ana pirang-pirang tanggal Penny India Head Penny lan varietas sing ngapresiasi kanthi luwih cepet.
Spesifikasi Detil
| Pamrentah Pemerintah | Amerika Serikat |
| $ 0.01 (Setunggal Cent) | |
| Jenis Coinage | Indian Head Cent (aka Indian Head Penny) |
| Tanggal Mintage | 1859 nganti 1909 |
| Fasilitas Produksi | Philadelphia lan San Francisco |
| Mint Mark Lokasi | Ing kuwalik, ing ngisor ngisor gandhewo ing wreath. (1908 & 1909 mung) |
| Komposisi | 1859 - 1864 : 88% tembaga, 12% nikel (tembaga-nikel) 1864 - 1909 : 95% tembaga, 5% tin lan seng (tembaga) |
| Bobot | 1859 - 1864 : 4,67 gram 1864 - 1909 : 3.11grams |
| Tanggung Jawab Bobot (+/-) | 1859 - 1864 : 0.259 gram 1864 - 1909 : 0.290grams |
| Bobot Emas Sebenar ( ) | 0.0000 Troy Ounces (ora ngemot emas) |
| Bobot salju aktual ( ASW ) | 0.0000 Troy Ounces (ora ana perak) |
| Awak Platinum Bobot ( ) | 0.0000 Troy Ounces (ora ana Platinum) |
| 1859 - 1864 : 8,92 (tembaga-nikel) 1864 - 1909 : 8,84 (tembaga) | |
| Diameter | 19 mm |
| Kekuwatan | 1859 - 1864 : 2.33 mm 1864 - 1909 : 1,55 mm |
| Tipe Edge | Plain |
| Gambaran Objek | Lady Liberty ngagem busana tukang siram India madhep kiwa, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA sakitar wates karo tanggal ing ngisor |
| Desainer & Obrolan Sadurunge | James B. Longacre |
| Gambaran mburi | 1859: ONE CENT jero laurel wreath 1860 - 1909 : SATU ing tengah wreath digawe saka godhong oak kanthi Union Shield ing ndhuwur |
| Reverse Designer & Engraver | James B. Longacre |
| (Krause-Mishler No. Katalog) | 1859: 87 1860 - 1864 : 90 1864 - 1909 : 90a |
| Cathetan | Kesulitan ing kompilasi tembaga-nikel sing nyebabake kaputusan kanggo ngganti komposisi kanggo tembaga ing pertengahan taun 1864. |
Taun Produksi, Kebutuhan lan Jinis
Penny Kepala India dibentuk saka 1859 nganti 1909 lan ing rong fasilitas: Philadelphia, lan Denver. Sinau babagan taun, tipe serangan, fasilitas mint, tandha mint sing digunakake ing koin lan katrangan apa wae jinis sing beda ing dhuwit recehan sing dicithak kanggo taun kasebut. Penny India Penny lan produksi tokoh reflektif wektu ing kang padha digawe.
| Taun | Mint | Mint Mark | Ketik |
| Reverse : Laurel wreath, no shield Komposisi : Tembaga-Nikel | |||
| 1859 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1859 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| Reverse : Oak Wreath with Union Shield Komposisi : Tembaga-Nikel | |||
| 1860 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1860 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1861 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1861 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1862 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1862 bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1863 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1863 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1864 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1864 bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| Komposisi : Bronze | |||
| 1864 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1864 | Philadelphia | L ing pita | |
| 1864 bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1864 bukti | Philadelphia | L ing pita | |
| 1865 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1865 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1866 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1866 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1867 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1867 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1868 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1868 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| Taun | Mint | Mint Mark | Ketik |
| 1869 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1869 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1870 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1870 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1871 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1871 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1872 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1872 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1873 | Philadelphia | Ditutup 3 | |
| 1873 | Philadelphia | Mbukak 3 (Sawise keluhan sing "3" katon kaya "8", mint nggawe desain kanthi luwih "3".) | |
| 1873 Bukti | Philadelphia | Ditutup 3 | |
| 1873 Bukti | Philadelphia | Mbukak 3 (Sawise keluhan sing "3" katon kaya "8", mint nggawe desain kanthi luwih "3".) | |
| 1874 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1874 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1875 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1875 bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1876 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1876 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1877 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1877 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1878 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1878 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1879 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1879 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| Taun | Mint | Mint Mark | Ketik |
| 1880 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1880 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1881 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1881 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1882 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1882 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1883 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1883 bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1884 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1884 bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1885 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1885 bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1886 | Philadelphia | Tipe 1 (Huruf pungkasan ing tembung "AMERICA" sejajar karo curl ngisor ing dhadha India.) | |
| 1886 | Philadelphia | Tipe 2 (Huruf paling akhir ing tembung "AMERICA" nandhani luwih akeh ing sisih tengen curl ngisor ing dhadha India.) | |
| 1886 Bukti | Philadelphia | Tipe 1 (Huruf pungkasan ing tembung "AMERICA" sejajar karo curl ngisor ing dhadha India.) | |
| 1886 Bukti | Philadelphia | Tipe 2 (Huruf paling akhir ing tembung "AMERICA" nandhani luwih akeh ing sisih tengen curl ngisor ing dhadha India.) | |
| 1887 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1887 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1888 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1888 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1889 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1889 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1890 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1890 bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1891 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1891 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1892 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1892 bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1893 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1893 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1894 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1894 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| Taun | Mint | Mint Mark | Ketik |
| 1895 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1895 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1896 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1896 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1897 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1897 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1898 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1898 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1899 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1899 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1900 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1900 Proof | Philadelphia | ||
| 1901 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1901 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1902 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1902 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1903 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1903 Proof | Philadelphia | ||
| 1904 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1904 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1905 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1905 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1906 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1906 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1907 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1907 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1908 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1908 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1908 | San Francisco | S | |
| 1909 | Philadelphia | ||
| 1909 Bukti | Philadelphia | ||
| 1909 | San Francisco | S | |
Kasalahan lan Varieties
ana sawetara kesalahan populer lan variasi sing kolektor India Penny nggoleki amarga padha nggawa nilai premium liwat koin tanggal umum.
| Taun | Mint | Mint Mark | Kesalahan / Ragam | Cathetan / Gambaran |
| 1869 | Philadelphia | 9 liwat 9 | Gunggung paling katon ing rong digit pungkasan tanggal, "69" | |
| 1869 Bukti | Philadelphia | 9 liwat 9 | Gunggung paling katon ing rong digit pungkasan tanggal, "69" | |
| 1873 | Philadelphia | Dbl. LIBERTY | Deleng duplikat tembung "LIBERTY" ing headband India | |
| 1873 Bukti | Philadelphia | Dbl. LIBERTY | Deleng duplikat tembung "LIBERTY" ing headband India | |
| 1888 | Philadelphia | 8 liwat 7 | Sisih paling ngisor ing tanggal kasebut ("7") isih bisa ditemokake saka pojok kiwa ngisor "8". | |
| 1888 Bukti | Philadelphia | 8 liwat 7 | Sisih paling ngisor ing tanggal kasebut ("7") isih bisa ditemokake saka pojok kiwa ngisor "8". |
Buku Saran ing Penny Kepala India (yaiku Indian Head Cents)
- Encyclopedia Complete Walter Breen of US and Colonial Coins ; Walter Breen; Pidato: Doubleday; 1 edisi (1 Mei 1988); ISBN-13: 978-0385142076
- The Cherrypickers 'Guide to Lare Die Varieties, 5th Edition, Volume 1 ; Fivaz, Bill lan JT Stanton; Publisher: Whitman Publishing, Atlanta (2009); ISBN-13: 978-0794822859
- Flying Eagle & Indian Cents ; Salju, Richard; Eagle Eye Press; 1992
- Buku Panduan Flying Eagle & Indian Head Cents; Salju, Richard; Whitman Publishing, Atlanta; 2009; ISBN-10: 0794828310; ISBN-13: 978-0794828318
- Astronom Flying Eagle & Indian Atribusi Guide Cent 1859-1869 ; Salju, Richard; Eagle Eye Langka Koin; Tucson, AZ; 2005; ASIN: B000VK2IAY
- T he Fly ing Eagle & Indian Cent Atribusi Guide 1870-1889 ; Salju, Richard; Eagle Eye Langka Koin Tucson, AZ; 2007; ASIN: B000VK7PP2
- Atribut Flying Eagle & Indian Cent Atribut 1890-1909 ; Salju, Richard; Eagle Eye Langka Koin Tucson, AZ; 2009; ISBN-10: 0970375050; ISBN-13: 978-0970375056
- Panuntun lan Panuntun Panuntun kanggo Eagle lan India Centers ; Q. David Bowers; Bowers lan Merena Galleries (1996); ISBN-10: 0943161681; ISBN-13: 978-0943161686
- Flying Eagle & Indian Cents ; Salju, Richard; Eagle Eye Press; Edisi cetak pertama; 1992; ASIN: B0006OXI2W
- The Finders report: A Comprehensive Guide To Selected Late Eagle Flying and Indian Cent Die Varieties ; Larry R Steve; Nuvista Press; 1st edition (1995); ISBN-10: 0964585022; ISBN-13: 978-0964585027
Notifikasi saka Penafian